<TeXmacs|1.0.0.25>

<style|seminar>

<\body>
  <\hide_expand|switch>
    \;

    \;

    <surround||<format|page break><format|new page>|<\with|paragraph
    mode|center>
      <\with|font size|1.68|font shape|long>
        <with|color|red|Détendez vous !>

        mais...

        Ne soyez pas trop paresseux
      </with>

      <\with|color|blue>
        <with|mode|math|\<diamondsuit\><space|-1.2spc>\<diamondsuit\><space|-\
        1.2spc>\<diamondsuit\><space|-1.2spc>\<diamondsuit\><space|-1.2spc>\<\
        diamondsuit\>>
      </with>

      \;

      <\name>
        <with|font size|0.84|par><vspace|0.5fn>
      </name>

      <\with|font size|1.19>
        <\with|font|chancery>
          Joris van der Hoeven<vspace|1fn>
        </with>
      </with>

      <\with|color|blue>
        <with|mode|math|\<diamondsuit\><space|-1.2spc>\<diamondsuit\><space|-\
        1.2spc>\<diamondsuit\><space|-1.2spc>\<diamondsuit\><space|-1.2spc>\<\
        diamondsuit\>><vspace|1fn>
      </with>

      Sophia Antibes

      13 décembre 2002

      \;
    </with>>
  </hide_expand|<\tuple|<tmarker>>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|><with|color\
    |black|Plan>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gnu2.png|/5\
    |/5||||>>>>>>>

    \;

    \;

    <\enumerate>
      <\with|color|blue>
        <item>L'approche zélée

        <item>L'approche paresseuse

        <item>L'approche détendue

        <item>Résultats expérimentaux

        <item>Coefficients particuliers
      </with>
    </enumerate>

    \;
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|><with|color\
    |brown|1. L'approche zélée>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images\
    /tm_gnu2.png|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    \;

    <subsubsection|Multiplication de séries formelles>

    <with|color|blue|Entrée :> <with|mode|math|<left|{><expand|tabular*|<tfor\
    mat|<table|<row|<cell|f=f<rsub|0>+\<cdots\>+f<rsub|n-1>*z<rsup|n-1>>>|<ro\
    w|<cell|g=g<rsub|0>+\<cdots\>+g<rsub|n-1>*z<rsup|n-1>>>>>>>

    <with|color|blue|Sortie :> <with|mode|math|h=h<rsub|0>+\<cdots\>+h<rsub|n\
    -1>*z<rsup|n-1>=f*g+O(z<rsup|n>)>.<vspace|2fn>

    <subsubsection|Algorithmes classiques de multiplication>

    <surround||<vspace|1fn>|<\itemize>
      <item>Multiplication naïve en <with|mode|math|O(n<rsup|2>)>.

      <item>Diviser pour régner en <with|mode|math|O<left|(>n<rsup|log<rsub|2\
      > 3><right|)>>.

      <item>Multiplication F.F.T. en <with|mode|math|O(n*log n*log log n)>.
    </itemize>>
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|><with|color\
    |black|Autres opérations sur des séries
    formelles>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gnu2.png|/5|/\
    5||||>>>>>>>

    <surround||<format|new page>|<\with|paragraph mode|center>
      \;

      \;

      <expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|1|1|-1|cell background|pastel
      blue>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
      rborder|.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
      tborder|.5ln>|<twith|table lborder|1ln>|<twith|table
      rborder|1ln>|<twith|table bborder|1ln>|<twith|table
      tborder|1ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|-1|cell bborder|1ln>|<table|<row|<cell|Algori\
      thme \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ <space|0.6spc>>|<cell|Temps>|<cell|E\
      space>>|<row|<cell|Multiplication \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ >|<cell|<with\
      |mode|math|n*log n*log log n>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|n<rsup|>>>>|<row|<\
      cell|Division \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ >|<cell|<with|mod\
      e|math|M(n)>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|n<rsup|>>>>|<row|<cell|Équations
      différentielles>|<cell|<with|mode|math|M(n)>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|n<r\
      sup|>>>>|<row|<cell|Fonctions holonomes
      \ \ \ >|<cell|<with|mode|math|n>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|n<rsup|>>>>|<ro\
      w|<cell|Composition algébrique<space|0.6spc>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|M(n\
      )*log n>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|n<rsup|>>>>|<row|<cell|Composition
      générale \ \ <space|0.4spc>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|M(n)<sqrt|n*log
      n|>>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|n log n>>>|<row|<cell|Composition char.
      fini \ <space|0.2spc>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|M(n)*log
      n>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|n<rsup|>>>>|<row|<cell|Inversion<with|mode|ma\
      th|<space|0.2spc>\<rightarrow\><space|0.2spc>>compostion>|<cell|<with|m\
      ode|math|\<uparrow\><rsup|>>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|\<uparrow\>>>>>>><v\
      space|0.5fn>

      <with|mode|math|M(n)> : temps pour la multiplication
    </with>>

    \;
  <|tuple>
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    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
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    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|><with|color\
    |black|Diviser pour régner>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images\
    /tm_gnu2.png|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    <subsubsection|Pour <with|mode|math|n> pair, décomposer :>

    <\expand|equation*>
      <left|{><tabular|<tformat|<table|<row|<cell|f<rsup|\<downarrow\>>>|<cel\
      l|=>|<cell|f<rsub|0>+\<cdots\>+f<rsub|n/2-1>*z<rsup|n/2-1>>>|<row|<cell\
      |f<rsup|\<uparrow\>>>|<cell|=>|<cell|f<rsub|n/2>+\<cdots\>+f<rsub|n-1>*\
      z<rsup|n/2-1>>>>>><right|.><space|2.8spc><left|{><tabular|<tformat|<tab\
      le|<row|<cell|g<rsup|\<downarrow\>>>|<cell|=>|<cell|g<rsub|0>+\<cdots\>\
      +g<rsub|n/2-1>*z<rsup|n/2-1>>>|<row|<cell|g<rsup|\<uparrow\>>>|<cell|=>\
      |<cell|g<rsub|n/2>+\<cdots\>+g<rsub|n-1>*z<rsup|n/2-1>>>>>>
    </expand>

    <subsubsection|Appliquer récursivement :>

    <\expand|eqnarray*>
      <tformat|<table|<row|<cell|f*g>|<cell|=>|<cell|f<rsup|\<downarrow\>>*g<\
      rsup|\<downarrow\>>+f<rsup|\<uparrow\>>*g<rsup|\<uparrow\>>*z<rsup|n>+>\
      >|<row|<cell|>|<cell|>|<cell|[(f<rsup|\<downarrow\>>+f<rsup|\<uparrow\>\
      >)*(g<rsup|\<downarrow\>>+g<rsup|\<uparrow\>>)-f<rsup|\<downarrow\>>*g<\
      rsup|\<downarrow\>>-f<rsup|\<uparrow\>>*g<rsup|\<uparrow\>>]*z<rsup|n/2\
      >>>>>
    </expand>

    <surround||<format|new page>|<\with|paragraph mode|center>
      <vspace*|1fn><expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
      height|1cm>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell width|1.25cm>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
      background|pastel blue>|<cwith|2|2|3|3|cell background|pastel
      blue>|<table|<row|<cell|<with|mode|math|g<rsup|\<uparrow\>>>>|<cell|>|<\
      cell|<with|mode|math|f<rsup|\<uparrow\>>*g<rsup|\<uparrow\>>>>>|<row|<c\
      ell|<with|mode|math|g<rsup|\<downarrow\>>>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|f<rsu\
      p|\<downarrow\>>*g<rsup|\<downarrow\>>>>|<cell|>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode\
      |math|\<times\>>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|f<rsup|\<downarrow\>>>>|<cell|<\
      with|mode|math|f<rsup|\<uparrow\>>>>>>>>

      \;

      <block|<tformat|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell background|pastel
      blue>|<table|<row|<cell| \ >>>>><with|mode|math|=<space|0.6spc>(f<rsup|\
      \<downarrow\>>+f<rsup|\<uparrow\>>)*(g<rsup|\<downarrow\>>+g<rsup|\<upa\
      rrow\>>)-f<rsup|\<downarrow\>>*g<rsup|\<downarrow\>>-f<rsup|\<uparrow\>\
      >*g<rsup|\<uparrow\>> >
    </with>>

    \;
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|><with|color\
    |black|Méthode de Newton>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/t\
    m_gnu2.png|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    <subsubsection|Logarithme>

    <\expand|equation*>
      log f=log f<rsub|0>+<big|int><frac|f<rprime|'>|f>
    </expand>

    <subsubsection|Exponentiation>

    Pour <with|mode|math|n> pair, supposons

    <\expand|equation*>
      log g-f=O(z<rsup|<with|color|blue|n/2>>),
    </expand>

    <\expand|equation*>
      <with|mode|text|avec><space|1fn><choice|<tformat|<table|<row|<cell|f=f<\
      rsub|0>+\<cdots\>+f<rsub|n-1>*z<rsup|n-1>
      ;>>|<row|<cell|g=g<rsub|0>+\<cdots\>+g<rsub|n/2-1>*z<rsup|n/2-1>>>>>>
    </expand>

    Alors

    <\expand|equation*>
      <wide|g|~>=g-(log g-f)*g
    </expand>

    <\expand|equation*>
      \<Longrightarrow\><space|1spc>log <wide|g|~>-f=O(z<rsup|<with|color|blu\
      e|n>>).
    </expand>

    <with|mode|math|color|blue|\<longrightarrow\>> algorithme
    d'exponentiation en <with|mode|math|O(M(n))>.<vspace|1fn>
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|><with|color\
    |black|Méthode de Newton II>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/image\
    s/tm_gnu2.png|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    \;

    <subsubsection|Inversion>

    L'équation <with|mode|math|f\<circ\>g-z=0> induit l'itération

    <expand|equation*|<wide|g|~>=g-<frac|f\<circ\>g-z|f<rprime|'>\<circ\>g><f\
    ormat|new page>>
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|><with|color\
    |black|Composition polynomiale>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/im\
    ages/tm_gnu2.png|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    \;

    <subsubsection|Position du problème><vspace|1fn>

    <\with|color|blue>
      Entrées :
    </with>

    <\itemize>
      <item><with|mode|math|f=f<rsub|0>+\<cdots\>+f<rsub|p-1>*z<rsup|p-1>>
      (avec <with|mode|math|p\<rightarrow\>\<infty\>) > ;

      <item><with|mode|math|g = g<rsub|1>*z+\<cdots\>+g<rsub|q-1>*z<rsup|q-1>\
      > (avec <with|mode|math|q> fixe) ;

      <item>Un ordre <with|mode|math|n\<geqslant\>p> (avec
      <with|mode|math|n\<rightarrow\>\<infty\>>).
    </itemize>

    <with|color|blue|Sortie :> <with|mode|math|h=h<rsub|0>+\<cdots\>+h<rsub|n\
    -1>*z<rsup|n-1>>, telle que

    <\expand|equation*>
      h=f\<circ\>g+O(z<rsup|n>)
    </expand>

    \;
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|><with|color\
    |black|Algorithme par dichotomie (<with|mode|math|math font
    series|bold|p,q,n\<in\>2<rsup|\<bbb-N\>>>)>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_\
    PATH/misc/images/tm_gnu2.png|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    \;

    <\expand|equation*>
      f\<circ\>g=f<rsup|\<downarrow\>>\<circ\>g+(f<rsup|\<uparrow\>>\<circ\>g\
      )<space|0.4spc><with|color|blue|\<times\>><space|0.4spc>g<rsup|p/2>
    </expand>

    Algorithme en temps <with|mode|math|O(<frac|p*q|n>M(n)*log n)>, car

    <surround||<format|new page>|<\itemize>
      <item><with|mode|math|1+2+\<cdots\>+<frac|p*q|n>> multiplications de
      longueur <with|mode|math|n>.

      <item><with|mode|math|<frac|2*p*q|n>> multiplications de longueur
      <with|mode|math|n/2>.

      <item><with|mode|math|<frac|4*p*q|n>> multiplications de longueur
      <with|mode|math|n/4> ;

      <item>Etc.

      <item> <with|mode|math|p/2> multiplications de longueur
      <with|mode|math|q>.
    </itemize>>

    \;

    \;
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|><with|color\
    |black|Composition générale>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/image\
    s/tm_gnu2.png|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    \;

    <subsubsection|Problème>

    <with|color|blue|Entrée :> <with|mode|math|f<rsub|0><space|-0.8spc>+<spac\
    e|-0.2spc>\<cdots\><space|-0.2spc>+<space|-0.6spc>f<rsub|n-1>*z<rsup|n-1>\
    > et <with|mode|math|g<rsub|1>*z<space|-0.6spc>+<space|-0.2spc>\<cdots\><\
    space|-0.2spc><space|-0.2spc>+<space|-0.4spc>g<rsub|n-1>*z<rsup|n-1>>\ 

    <with|color|blue|Sortie :> <with|mode|math|h<rsub|0><space|-0.4spc>+\<cdo\
    ts\>+<space|-0.4spc>h<rsub|n-1>*z<rsup|n-1>> avec
    <with|mode|math|h=f<space|-0.2spc>\<circ\><space|-0.2spc>g+O(z<rsup|n>)>

    \;

    <subsubsection|Algorithme de Brent & Kung>

    Idée : découper <with|mode|math|g=g<rsub|\<asterisk\>>+g<rsup|\<asterisk\\
    >>>

    <\expand|eqnarray*>
      <tformat|<table|<row|<cell|g<rsub|\<asterisk\>>>|<cell|=>|<cell|g<rsub|\
      1>*z+\<cdots\>+g<rsub|q-1>*z<rsup|q-1>
      ;>>|<row|<cell|g<rsup|\<asterisk\>>>|<cell|=>|<cell|g<rsub|q>*z<rsup|q>\
      +\<cdots\>+g<rsub|n-1>*z<rsup|n-1>.>>>>
    </expand>

    Puis écrire :

    <\expand|equation*>
      f\<circ\>g=f\<circ\>g<rsub|\<asterisk\>>+(f<rprime|'>\<circ\>g<rsub|\<a\
      sterisk\>>)*g<rsup|\<asterisk\>>+<frac|1|2>*(f<rprime|''>\<circ\>g<rsub\
      |\<asterisk\>>)*(g<rsup|\<asterisk\>>)<rsup|2>+\<cdots\>
    </expand>
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|><with|color\
    |black|Composition générale II>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/im\
    ages/tm_gnu2.png|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    <subsubsection|Calcul des <with|mode|math|math font
    series|bold|f<rsup|(n)>\<circ\>g<rsub|\<asterisk\>>>>

    Par itération direct ou inverse :

    <expand|eqnarray*|<tformat|<table|<row|<cell|f<rsup|(i)>\<circ\>g<rsub|\<\
    asterisk\>>>|<cell|=>|<cell|<frac|(f<rsup|(i-1)>\<circ\>g<rsub|\<asterisk\
    \>>)<rprime|'>|g<rsub|\<asterisk\>><rprime|'>>
    ;>>|<row|<cell|<frac|1|(i-1)!>*f<rsup|(i-1)>\<circ\>g<rsub|\<asterisk\>>>\
    |<cell|=>|<cell|f<rsub|i-1>+i*<big|int><left|(><frac|1|i!>*f<rsup|(i)>\<c\
    irc\>g<rsub|\<asterisk\>><right|)>*g<rsub|\<asterisk\>><rprime|'>.<format\
    |new page>>>>>>

    \;
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|><with|color\
    |brown|2. Approche paresseuse>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/ima\
    ges/tm_gnu2.png|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    <subsubsection|Principe>

    On considère des séries formelles comme des flots de coefficients. Les
    coefficients sont calculés un par un et à chaque étape on n'effectue que
    les calculs strictement nécessaires.<vspace|1fn>

    <subsubsection|Implantation>

    Une série formelle <with|mode|math|f> est un algorithme qui ne prend rien
    en entrée et qui rend son premier coefficient <with|mode|math|f<rsub|0>>
    et la série ``reste'' <with|mode|math|(f-f<rsub|0>)/z>.<vspace|1fn>

    <subsubsection|Conséquence importante>

    On calcule <with|mode|math|(f*g)<rsub|n>> dès que
    <with|mode|math|f<rsub|0>,\<ldots\>,f<rsub|n>> et
    <with|mode|math|g<rsub|0>,\<ldots\>,g<rsub|n>> sont connus. En
    particulier, <with|mode|math|f<rsub|n+1>> et <with|mode|math|g<rsub|n+1>>
    peuvent dépendre de <with|mode|math|(f*g)<rsub|0>,\<ldots\>,(f*g)<rsub|n>\
    >.<vspace|1fn>
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|><with|color\
    |black|Approche paresseuse II>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/ima\
    ges/tm_gnu2.png|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    \;

    <subsubsection|Application>

    Calcul de l'exponentielle <with|mode|math|g=e<rsup|f>> d'une série
    <with|mode|math|f> par

    <expand|equation*|g=<big|int>f<rprime|'>*g<vspace|1fn>>

    <subsubsection|Inconvénient>

    On ne peut utiliser la multiplication F.F.T. ou diviser pour
    régner.<format|new page>

    \;
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|><with|color\
    |brown|3. Approche détendue>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/image\
    s/tm_gnu2.png|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    \;

    \;

    <\with|paragraph mode|center>
      <with|color|red|Idée : anticipation <with|mode|math|\<longrightarrow\>>
      accélération>
    </with>

    \;

    \;

    <htab|5mm><expand|tabular*|<tformat|<twith|table
    valign|C>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|2|2|1|1|cell
    bsep|1spc>|<table|<row|<cell|<with|color|blue|Algorithme
    naïf>>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|math|<with|mode|text|<expand|block*|<tforma\
    t|<table|<row|<cell|<with|mode|math|g<rsub|2>>>|<cell|2>|<cell|>|<cell|>>\
    |<row|<cell|<with|mode|math|g<rsub|1>>>|<cell|<with|color|blue|1>>|<cell|\
    <with|color|blue|2>>|<cell|>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|math|g<rsub|0>>>|<cel\
    l|0>|<cell|<with|color|blue|1>>|<cell|2>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|math|\<ti\
    mes\>>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|f<rsub|0>>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|f<rsub|1>\
    >>|<cell|<with|mode|math|f<rsub|2>>>>>>>>>>>|<row|<\cell>
      <surround||<vspace|1fn>|<\itemize>
        <expand|item*|0.><with|mode|math|h<rsub|0>=f<rsub|0>*g<rsub|0>>.

        <expand|item*|1.><with|mode|math|h<rsub|1>=<with|color|blue|f<rsub|0>\
        *g<rsub|1>>+<with|color|blue|f<rsub|1>*g<rsub|0>>>.

        <expand|item*|2.><with|mode|math|h<rsub|2>=f<rsub|0>*g<rsub|2>+<with|\
        color|blue|f<rsub|1>*g<rsub|1>>+f<rsub|2>*g<rsub|0>>.
      </itemize>>
    </cell>>>>><htab|5mm><expand|tabular*|<tformat|<twith|table
    valign|C>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|2|2|1|1|cell
    bsep|1spc>|<table|<row|<cell|<with|color|blue|Algorithme
    détendu>>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|math|<with|mode|text|<expand|block*|<tfo\
    rmat|<table|<row|<cell|<with|mode|math|g<rsub|2>>>|<cell|2>|<cell|>|<cell\
    |>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|math|g<rsub|1>>>|<cell|<with|color|blue|1>>|<ce\
    ll|<with|color|blue|2>>|<cell|>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|math|g<rsub|0>>>|<\
    cell|0>|<cell|<with|color|blue|1>>|<cell|2>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|math|\\
    <times\>>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|f<rsub|0>>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|f<rsub\
    |1>>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|f<rsub|2>>>>>>>>>>>|<row|<\cell>
      <surround||<format|new page>|<\itemize>
        <expand|item*|0.><with|mode|math|h<rsub|0>=f<rsub|0>*g<rsub|0>>.

        <expand|item*|1.><with|mode|math|h<rsub|1>=<tabular|<tformat|<cwith|1\
        |1|1|1|cell lsep|0cm>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
        rsep|0cm>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell bsep|0cm>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
        tsep|0cm>|<twith|table valign|T>|<table|<row|<cell|<with|color|blue|(\
        f<rsub|0>+f<rsub|1>)*(g<rsub|0>+g<rsub|1>)>>>|<row|<cell|-f<rsub|0>*g\
        <rsub|0>-<with|color|blue|f<rsub|1>*g<rsub|1>>>>>>>>

        <expand|item*|2.><with|mode|math|h<rsub|2>=f<rsub|0>*g<rsub|2>+<with|\
        color|blue|f<rsub|1>*g<rsub|1>>+f<rsub|2>*g<rsub|0>>.
      </itemize>>
    </cell>>>>><htab|5mm>

    \;
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|><with|color\
    |black|Diviser pour régner>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images\
    /tm_gnu2.png|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    \;

    La multiplication diviser-pour-régner est  essentiellement déten-due  :
    la formule pour <with|mode|math|h<rsub|k>> ne dépend que de
    <with|mode|math|f<rsub|0>,\<ldots\>,f<rsub|k>> et
    <with|mode|math|g<rsub|0>,\<ldots\>,g<rsub|k>>.<vspace|1fn>

    <subsubsection|Exemple : multiplication à l'ordre 4>

    <with|font size|0.84|<\itemize>
      <item><with|mode|math|h<rsub|0>=f<rsub|0>*g<rsub|0>> ;

      <item><with|mode|math|h<rsub|1>=(f<rsub|0>+f<rsub|1>)*(g<rsub|0>+g<rsub\
      |1>)-f<rsub|0>*g<rsub|0>-f<rsub|1>*g<rsub|1>> ;

      <item><with|mode|math|h<rsub|2>=(f<rsub|0>+f<rsub|2>)*(g<rsub|0>+g<rsub\
      |2>)-f<rsub|0>*g<rsub|0>-f<rsub|2>*g<rsub|2>> ;

      <item><with|mode|math|h<rsub|3>=(f<rsub|0>+f<rsub|1>+f<rsub|2>+f<rsub|3\
      >)*(g<rsub|0>+g<rsub|1>+g<rsub|2>+g<rsub|3>)-(f<rsub|0><space|0.2spc>+<\
      space|0.2spc>f<rsub|1>)*(g<rsub|0><space|0.2spc>+<space|0.2spc>g<rsub|1\
      >)<space|0.6spc>-<space|0.6spc>(f<rsub|2><space|0.2spc>+<space|0.2spc>f\
      <rsub|3>)*(g<rsub|2><space|0.2spc>+<space|0.2spc>g<rsub|3>)+f<rsub|0>*g\
      <rsub|0>+f<rsub|1>*g<rsub|1>+f<rsub|2>*g<rsub|2>+f<rsub|3>*g<rsub|3>> ;

      <item><with|mode|math|h<rsub|4>=(f<rsub|1>+f<rsub|3>)*(g<rsub|1>+g<rsub\
      |3>)-f<rsub|1>*g<rsub|1>-f<rsub|3>*g<rsub|3>>
      ;<htab|5mm><resize|<surround||<format|new page>|<with|paragraph
      mode|center|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|3|3|2|3|cell
      background|yellow>|<cwith|4|4|3|3|cell
      background|yellow>|<cwith|2|2|2|2|cell
      background|orange>|<cwith|2|2|4|4|cell
      background|orange>|<cwith|4|4|4|4|cell
      background|orange>|<cwith|1|1|2|5|cell
      background|red>|<cwith|2|4|5|5|cell background|red>|<cwith|2|2|3|3|cell
      background|red>|<cwith|3|3|4|4|cell background|red>|<twith|table
      valign|T>|<table|<row|<cell|<with|mode|math|g<rsub|3>>>|<cell|3>|<cell|\
      3>|<cell|3>|<cell|3>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|math|g<rsub|2>>>|<cell|2>|<\
      cell|3>|<cell|2>|<cell|3>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|math|g<rsub|1>>>|<cell\
      |1>|<cell|1>|<cell|3>|<cell|3>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|math|g<rsub|0>>>|\
      <cell|0>|<cell|1>|<cell|2>|<cell|3>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|math|\<times\
      \>>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|f<rsub|0>>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|f<rsub|1>>\
      >|<cell|<with|mode|math|f<rsub|2>>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|f<rsub|3>>>>>\
      >>>>||0cm||0.3cm|>

      <item><with|mode|math|h<rsub|5>=(f<rsub|2>+f<rsub|3>)*(g<rsub|2>+g<rsub\
      |3>)-f<rsub|2>*g<rsub|3>-f<rsub|2>*g<rsub|3>> ;

      <item><with|mode|math|h<rsub|6>=f<rsub|3>*g<rsub|3>>.<vspace|1fn>
    </itemize>>

    \;

    \;
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|><with|color\
    |black|Fast relaxed multiplication>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/mis\
    c/images/tm_gnu2.png|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    \;

    <\with|paragraph mode|center>
      <postscript|relaxed1.ps|*3/5|*3/5||||><vspace|0.5fn>
    </with>

    <with|mode|math|\<longrightarrow\>><format|new page> Algorithme détendu
    en <with|mode|math|O(M(n)*log n)>.
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|><with|color\
    |black|A variant>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gnu2.p\
    ng|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    \;

    <\with|paragraph mode|center>
      <postscript|relaxed3.ps|*3/5|*3/5||||>
    </with>

    \;
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|><with|color\
    |black|Truncated multiplication>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/i\
    mages/tm_gnu2.png|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    \;

    \;

    <\with|paragraph mode|center>
      <postscript|relaxed2.ps|*2/3|*2/3||||>
    </with>

    \;
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|><with|color\
    |black|Complexité théorique>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/image\
    s/tm_gnu2.png|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    \;

    \;

    \;

    <with|font size|0.84|<surround||<format|new page>|<with|paragraph
    mode|center|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|1|1|14|cell
    background|pastel blue>|<cwith|1|7|1|1|cell background|pastel
    blue>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell background|pastel
    magenta>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<twith|table lborder|1ln>|<twith|table
    rborder|1ln>|<twith|table bborder|1ln>|<twith|table
    tborder|1ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|1|cell rborder|1ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|-1|cell
    bborder|1ln>|<table|<row|<cell|<with|mode|math|n>
    \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ >|<cell|1>|<cell|2>|<cell|3>|<cell|4>|<cell|5>|<cell|\
    6>|<cell|7>|<cell|8>|<cell|9>|<cell|10>|<cell|100>|<cell|1000>|<cell|1000\
    0>>|<row|<cell|Naïf \ \ \ \ \ \ <space|0.2spc>>|<cell|1>|<cell|3>|<cell|6\
    >|<cell|10>|<cell|15>|<cell|21>|<cell|28>|<cell|36>|<cell|45>|<cell|55>|<\
    cell|5050>|<cell|500500>|<cell|50005000>>|<row|<cell|D.P.R.
    \ \ \ >|<cell|1>|<cell|3>|<cell|5>|<cell|9>|<cell|11>|<cell|15>|<cell|19>\
    |<cell|27>|<cell|29>|<cell|33>|<cell|1251>|<cell|52137>|<cell|1844937>>|<\
    row|<cell|Rapide 1 <space|0.4spc>>|<cell|1>|<cell|3>|<cell|8>|<cell|10>|<\
    cell|18>|<cell|20>|<cell|37>|<cell|39>|<cell|47>|<cell|49>|<cell|2938>|<c\
    ell|103693>|<cell|4458055>>|<row|<cell|Rapide 2
    <space|0.4spc>>|<cell|1>|<cell|3>|<cell|8>|<cell|10>|<cell|18>|<cell|20>|\
    <cell|35>|<cell|37>|<cell|45>|<cell|47>|<cell|1602>|<cell|27408>|<cell|41\
    1963>>|<row|<cell|Variante 1>|<cell|1>|<cell|3>|<cell|5>|<cell|8>|<cell|1\
    4>|<cell|16>|<cell|22>|<cell|24>|<cell|33>|<cell|35>|<cell|1904>|<cell|66\
    515>|<cell|2535836>>|<row|<cell|Variante
    2>|<cell|1>|<cell|3>|<cell|5>|<cell|8>|<cell|14>|<cell|16>|<cell|22>|<cel\
    l|24>|<cell|33>|<cell|35>|<cell|1176>|<cell|20311>|<cell|300794>>>>>>>>

    \;

    \;
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|><with|color\
    |black|Autres algorithmes détendus>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/mis\
    c/images/tm_gnu2.png|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    <subsubsection|Composition polynomiale et algébrique>

    Algorithmes ``essentiellement détendues''.

    <subsubsection|Composition générale>

    Changer <with|mode|math|q> dans l'algorithme de Brent<space|-0.2spc> &
    <space|-0.2spc>Kung pour <with|mode|math|n\<in\>4<rsup|\<bbb-N\>>>.

    \;

    <with|font size|0.84|<surround||<format|new page>|<\with|paragraph
    mode|center>
      <expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|1|1|-1|cell background|pastel
      blue>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
      rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
      bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell tborder|0.5ln>|<twith|table
      lborder|1ln>|<twith|table rborder|1ln>|<twith|table
      bborder|1ln>|<twith|table tborder|1ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|-1|cell
      bborder|1ln>|<table|<row|<cell|Algorithme
      \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ <space|0.6spc>>|<cell|Temps>|<cell|Espace\
      >>|<row|<cell|Multiplication D.P.R.
      \ <space|0.2spc>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|n<rsup|log<rsub|2>
      3>>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|n<rsup|>*log n>>>|<row|<cell|Multiplication
      rapide \ \ <space|0.6spc>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|M(n)*log
      n>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|n<rsup|>>>>|<row|<cell|Division
      \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ >|<cell|<with|mode|math|D(n)>>|\
      <cell|<with|mode|math|n<rsup|>>>>|<row|<cell|Équations
      différentielles>|<cell|<with|mode|math|D(n)>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|n<r\
      sup|>>>>|<row|<cell|Fonctions holonomes
      \ \ \ >|<cell|<with|mode|math|n>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|n<rsup|>>>>|<ro\
      w|<cell|Composition algébrique<space|0.6spc>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|D(n\
      )*log n>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|n<rsup|>>>>|<row|<cell|Composition
      générale \ \ <space|0.4spc>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|D(n)<sqrt|n*log
      n|>>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|n<rsup|3/2>*log n>>>|<row|<cell|Composition
      char. fini \ <space|0.2spc>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|D(n)*log
      n>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|n*log n<rsup|>>>>|<row|<cell|Inversion<with|m\
      ode|math|<space|0.2spc>\<rightarrow\><space|0.2spc>>compostion>|<cell|<\
      with|mode|math|\<uparrow\><rsup|>>>|<cell|<with|mode|math|\<uparrow\>>>\
      >>>><vspace|1fn>

      <with|mode|math|D(n)> : temps pour la multiplication détendue
    </with>>>

    \;
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|brown|4. Résultats
    expérimentaux>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gnu2.png|\
    /5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    <subsubsection|Exemple 1 : développement de <with|mode|math|math font
    series|bold|exp (z*e<rsup|z>)>>

    <\with|paragraph mode|center>
      <\with|font size|0.84>
        <block|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell halign|r>|<cwith|1|1|1|-1|cell
        halign|c>|<cwith|1|-1|1|1|cell halign|l>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
        lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
        rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
        bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell tborder|0.5ln>|<twith|table
        lborder|1ln>|<twith|table rborder|1ln>|<twith|table
        bborder|1ln>|<twith|table tborder|1ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|-1|cell
        bborder|1ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|1|cell rborder|1ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|-1|cell
        background|pastel blue>|<cwith|1|-1|10|10|cell
        lborder|1ln>|<table|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|Multiplication>>|<cell\
        |10>|<cell|20>|<cell|50>|<cell|100>|<cell|200>|<cell|500>|<cell|1000>\
        |<cell|2000>|<cell|<with|mode|text|1h>>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|Z\
        ealous>>|<cell|0.161>|<cell|0.985>|<cell|7.202>|<cell|27.017>|<cell|9\
        2.36>|<cell|361.19>|<cell|1135.4>|<cell|3403>|<cell|2135>>|<row|<cell\
        |<with|mode|text|Naive>>|<cell|0.048>|<cell|0.282>|<cell|2.533>|<cell\
        |11.474>|<cell|48.86>|<cell|317.00>|<cell|1283.8>|<cell|>|<cell|1670>\
        >|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|DAC>>|<cell|0.079>|<cell|0.309>|<cell|1.\
        428>|<cell|4.384>|<cell|13.19>|<cell|61.35>|<cell|1887.4>|<cell|>|<ce\
        ll|1025>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|Fast>>|<cell|0.061>|<cell|0.331>\
        |<cell|2.162>|<cell|7.583>|<cell|25.10>|<cell|96.20>|<cell|307.2>|<ce\
        ll|959>|<cell|4095>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|Variant>>|<cell|0.077\
        >|<cell|0.347>|<cell|1.874>|<cell|5.938>|<cell|18.34>|<cell|67.27>|<c\
        ell|193.8>|<cell|494>|<cell|<with|mode|math|\<ast\>>>>|<row|<cell|<wi\
        th|mode|text|Truncated>>|<cell|0.047>|<cell|0.274>|<cell|1.838>|<cell\
        |6.782>|<cell|21.70>|<cell|98.21>|<cell|307.5>|<cell|947>|<cell|4408>\
        >>>>

        Big float coefficients
      </with>

      \;

      <\with|font size|0.84>
        <block|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell halign|r>|<cwith|1|1|1|-1|cell
        halign|c>|<cwith|1|-1|1|1|cell halign|l>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
        lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
        rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
        bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
        tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|-1|cell bborder|1ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|1|cell
        rborder|1ln>|<twith|table lborder|1ln>|<twith|table
        rborder|1ln>|<twith|table bborder|1ln>|<twith|table
        tborder|1ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|-1|cell background|pastel
        blue>|<cwith|1|-1|8|8|cell lborder|1ln>|<table|<row|<cell|
        <with|mode|text|Multiplication>>|<cell| 10>|<cell| 20>|<cell|
        50>|<cell| 100>|<cell| 200>|<cell| 500>|<cell|
        <with|mode|text|1h>>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|Zealous>>|<cell|
        0.052>|<cell| 0.187>|<cell| 1.294>|<cell| 6.916>|<cell| 50.09>|<cell|
        1085.87>|<cell| 686>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|Naive>>|<cell|
        0.025>|<cell| 0.072>|<cell| 0.417>|<cell| 2.194>|<cell| 16.62>|<cell|
        446.34>|<cell| 845>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|DAC>>|<cell|
        0.029>|<cell| 0.101>|<cell| 0.641>|<cell| 3.614>|<cell| 30.45>|<cell|
        918.78>|<cell| 758>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|Fast>>|<cell|
        0.038>|<cell| 0.125>|<cell| 0.800>|<cell| 4.190>|<cell| 30.96>|<cell|
        430.92>|<cell| 767>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|Variant>>|<cell|
        0.047>|<cell| 0.155>|<cell| 0.995>|<cell| 5.658>|<cell| 48.78>|<cell|
        888.92>|<cell| 703>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|Truncated>>|<cell|
        0.026>|<cell| 0.082>|<cell| 0.485>|<cell| 2.308>|<cell| 15.52>|<cell|
        342.05>|<cell| 944>>>>>

        Rational coefficients
      </with>
    </with>

    \;
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|Résultats
    expérimentaux II>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gnu2.p\
    ng|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    <subsubsection|Exemple 2 : énumération d'alcools>

    La série génératrice <with|mode|math|s> telle que
    <with|mode|math|s<rsub|n>> est le nombre d'alcools de la forme
    <with|mode|math|<with|math font shape|right|C><rsub|n><with|math font
    shape|right|H><rsub|2*n+1>OH> vérifie

    <\expand|equation*>
      s(z)=1+z*<frac|s(z)<rsup|3>+2*s(z<rsup|3>)|3>
    </expand>

    <\with|font size|0.84>
      <\with|font size|0.71>
        <\with|paragraph mode|center>
          \ <block|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
          lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
          rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
          bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell tborder|0.5ln>|<twith|table
          lborder|1ln>|<twith|table rborder|1ln>|<twith|table
          bborder|1ln>|<twith|table tborder|1ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|-1|cell
          bborder|1ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|1|cell
          rborder|1ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell halign|r>|<cwith|1|1|1|-1|cell
          halign|c>|<cwith|1|-1|1|1|cell halign|l>|<cwith|1|1|1|-1|cell
          background|pastel blue>|<cwith|1|-1|11|11|cell
          lborder|1ln>|<table|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|Multiplication>>|<ce\
          ll|500>|<cell|1000>|<cell| 2000>|<cell|
          5000>|<cell|10000>|<cell|20000>|<cell|50000>|<cell|100000>|<cell|20\
          0000>|<cell|<with|mode|text|1h>>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|Naive>\
          >|<cell|0.948>|<cell|2.897>|<cell|9.541>|<cell|52.09>|<cell|198.46>\
          |<cell|786.5>|<cell| >|<cell| >|<cell| >|<cell|
          43312>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|DAC>>|<cell|0.992>|<cell|2.603>|\
          <cell|6.860>|<cell|24.70>|<cell|70.24>|<cell|204.4>|<cell|
          873>|<cell| 2624>|<cell| >|<cell|
          121561>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|Fast>>|<cell|0.863>|<cell|2.101\
          >|<cell|5.407>|<cell|20.93>|<cell|56.25>|<cell|147.4>|<cell|
          547>|<cell| 1355>|<cell| 3370>|<cell|
          217087>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|Variant>>|<cell|0.918>|<cell|2.\
          055>|<cell|4.997>|<cell|16.28>|<cell|42.10>|<cell|108.7>|<cell|
          411>|<cell| 1014>|<cell| 2480>|<cell|
          275967>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|Truncated>>|<cell|0.766>|<cell|\
          2.022>|<cell|5.151>|<cell|19.03>|<cell|52.60>|<cell|145.3>|<cell|
          539>|<cell| 1392>|<cell| 3529>|<cell| 203767>>>>>

          Integer coefficients mod 1234577

          \;

          <block|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
          lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
          rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
          bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell tborder|0.5ln>|<twith|table
          lborder|1ln>|<twith|table rborder|1ln>|<twith|table
          bborder|1ln>|<twith|table tborder|1ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|-1|cell
          bborder|1ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|1|cell
          rborder|1ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell halign|r>|<cwith|1|1|1|-1|cell
          halign|c>|<cwith|1|-1|1|1|cell halign|l>|<cwith|1|1|1|-1|cell
          background|pastel blue>|<cwith|1|-1|11|11|cell
          lborder|1ln>|<table|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|Multiplication>>|<ce\
          ll|10>|<cell|20>|<cell|50>|<cell|100>|<cell|200>|<cell|500>|<cell|1\
          000>|<cell|2000>|<cell|5000>|<cell|<with|mode|text|1h>>>|<row|<cell\
          |<with|mode|text|Naive>>|<cell|0.012>|<cell|0.026>|<cell|0.087>|<ce\
          ll|0.249>|<cell|0.850>|<cell|5.485>|<cell|32.56>|<cell|297.57>|<cel\
          l|>|<cell|4018>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|DAC>>|<cell|0.013>|<cel\
          l|0.032>|<cell|0.113>|<cell|0.308>|<cell|0.922>|<cell|5.635>|<cell|\
          30.72>|<cell|235.50>|<cell|>|<cell|3583>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|tex\
          t|Fast>>|<cell|0.015>|<cell|0.037>|<cell|0.131>|<cell|0.375>|<cell|\
          1.185>|<cell|4.853>|<cell|21.33>|<cell|134.54>|<cell|2611>|<cell|57\
          59>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|Variant>>|<cell|0.017>|<cell|0.043>\
          |<cell|0.151>|<cell|0.407>|<cell|1.221>|<cell|5.558>|<cell|29.59>|<\
          cell|215.59>|<cell|3519>|<cell|5119>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|Tr\
          uncated>>|<cell|0.012>|<cell|0.028>|<cell|0.098>|<cell|0.276>|<cell\
          |0.871>|<cell|4.496>|<cell|19.95>|<cell|129.23>|<cell|2295>|<cell|5\
          862>>>>>

          Integer coefficients
        </with>
      </with>
    </with>

    \;
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|Résultats
    expérimentaux III>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gnu2.\
    png|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    <subsubsection|Exemple 3 : équations fonctionnelles>

    L'équation différentielle aux différences

    <equation|f(x)=<frac|1|x>*(1+f(x+1)+f<rprime|'>(x)<rsup|2>)<label|eq-fonc\
    >>

    admet une solution formelle unique en <with|mode|math|x<rsup|-1>> :

    <\expand|equation*>
      f(x)=<frac|1|x>+<frac|1|x<rsup|2>>-<frac|1|x<rsup|4>>-<frac|3|x<rsup|6>\
      >+O<left|(><frac|1|x<rsup|7>><right|)>
    </expand>

    On réécrit (<reference|eq-fonc>) pour <with|mode|math|f(x)=f(1/z)=g(z)> :

    <equation|g(z)=z*<left|(>1+g<left|(><frac|z|1+z><right|)>-z<rsup|4>*g<rpr\
    ime|'>(z)<rsup|2><right|)><format|new page>>
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|Résultats
    expérimentaux IV>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gnu2.p\
    ng|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    <\with|paragraph mode|center>
      <\with|font size|0.71>
        \;

        \;

        \;

        <block|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
        lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
        rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
        bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell tborder|0.5ln>|<twith|table
        lborder|1ln>|<twith|table rborder|1ln>|<twith|table
        bborder|1ln>|<twith|table tborder|1ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|-1|cell
        bborder|1ln>|<cwith|4|4|1|-1|cell bborder|1ln>|<cwith|7|7|1|-1|cell
        bborder|1ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|1|cell rborder|1ln>|<cwith|1|-1|2|2|cell
        rborder|1ln>|<cwith|1|-1|11|11|cell
        lborder|1ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell halign|r>|<cwith|1|1|1|-1|cell
        halign|c>|<cwith|1|-1|2|2|cell halign|l>|<cwith|1|-1|1|1|cell
        halign|l>|<cwith|1|1|1|-1|cell background|pastel
        blue>|<cwith|3|3|1|-1|cell background|pastel
        yellow>|<cwith|4|4|1|-1|cell background|pastel
        orange>|<cwith|6|6|1|-1|cell background|pastel
        yellow>|<cwith|7|7|1|-1|cell background|pastel
        orange>|<cwith|9|9|1|-1|cell background|pastel
        yellow>|<cwith|10|10|1|-1|cell background|pastel
        orange>|<table|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|Composition>>|<cell|<with|m\
        ode|text|Multiplication>>|<cell|100>|<cell|200>|<cell|500>|<cell|1000\
        >|<cell|2000>|<cell|5000>|<cell|10000>|<cell|20000>|<cell|<with|mode|\
        text|1h>>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|text|Naive>>|<cell|<with|mode|text|N\
        aive>>|<cell|0.537>|<cell|3.213>|<cell|43.80>|<cell|337.1>|<cell|2647\
        .2>|<cell|>|<cell|>|<cell|>|<cell|2216>>|<row|<cell|>|<cell|<with|mod\
        e|text|Fast>>|<cell|1.113>|<cell|6.187>|<cell|69.15>|<cell|459.5>|<ce\
        ll|3152.5>|<cell|>|<cell|>|<cell|>|<cell|2093>>|<row|<cell|>|<cell|<w\
        ith|mode|text|Truncated>>|<cell|0.592>|<cell|2.857>|<cell|28.53>|<cel\
        l|169.0>|<cell|1022.7>|<cell|>|<cell|>|<cell|>|<cell|3119>>|<row|<cel\
        l|<with|mode|text|Brent&Kung>>|<cell|<with|mode|text|Naive>>|<cell|0.\
        561>|<cell|2.065>|<cell|23.68>|<cell|96.4>|<cell|871.1>|<cell|>|<cell\
        |>|<cell|>|<cell|4148>>|<row|<cell|>|<cell|<with|mode|text|Fast>>|<ce\
        ll|1.067>|<cell|3.549>|<cell|34.90>|<cell|120.0>|<cell|960.2>|<cell|>\
        |<cell|>|<cell|>|<cell|4188>>|<row|<cell|>|<cell|<with|mode|text|Trun\
        cated>>|<cell|0.809>|<cell|2.650>|<cell|23.18>|<cell|75.0>|<cell|573.\
        8>|<cell|2905>|<cell|>|<cell|>|<cell|5628>>|<row|<cell|<with|mode|tex\
        t|Fast>>|<cell|<with|mode|text|Naive>>|<cell|0.406>|<cell|1.448>|<cel\
        l|8.21>|<cell|34.2>|<cell|144.9>|<cell|1111>|<cell|>|<cell|>|<cell|85\
        60>>|<row|<cell|>|<cell|<with|mode|text|Fast>>|<cell|0.713>|<cell|2.1\
        51>|<cell|8.13>|<cell|25.8>|<cell|83.8>|<cell|499>|<cell|1611>|<cell|\
        >|<cell|16385>>|<row|<cell|>|<cell|<with|mode|text|Truncated>>|<cell|\
        0.445>|<cell|1.366>|<cell|5.89>|<cell|19.2>|<cell|62.9>|<cell|333>|<c\
        ell|1070>|<cell|3341>|<cell|20253>>>>>
      </with>
    </with>

    \;

    \;
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|Autres
    applications>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gnu2.png|/\
    5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    <subsubsection|Exemple 4 : é.d.p.><vspace|0.5fn>

    Soit <with|mode|math|f\<in\>\<bbb-Q\>[[x,y]]> telle que

    <\expand|eqnarray*>
      <tformat|<table|<row|<cell|<frac|\<partial\> f|\<partial\>
      y>>|<cell|=>|<cell|<left|(><frac|\<partial\> f|\<partial\>
      x><right|)><rsup|2>+<left|(><frac|\<partial\><rsup|2> f|\<partial\>
      x<rsup|2>><right|)><rsup|2> ;>>|<row|<cell|f(x,0)>|<cell|=>|<cell|e<rsu\
      p|x>.>>>>
    </expand>

    Problème : calculer <with|mode|math|[x<rsup|n>*y<rsup|m>] f>.<vspace|1fn>

    \;

    \;

    <htab|5mm><resize|<postscript|relaxed4.ps|/3|/3||||>||0cm||0.3cm|><surrou\
    nd||<vspace|2fn>|>

    <subsubsection|Arbres 2-3>

    Série génératrice <with|mode|math|f> vérifie
    <with|mode|math|f(z)=z+f(z<rsup|2>+z<rsup|3>)<format|new page>>
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|<with|color|\
    brown|5. Coefficients particuliers>>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/mi\
    sc/images/tm_gnu2.png|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    \;

    <subsubsection|Arithmétique dense rapide><vspace|1fn>

    Benchmarks faussés par mauvaise arithmétique.

    F.F.T. généralisée pour ``anneaux denses''.<vspace|2fn>

    <subsubsection|Instabilité numérique>

    <\expand|eqnarray*>
      <tformat|<table|<row|<cell|>|<cell|>|<cell|(1.000\<cdot\>10<rsup|0><rsu\
      b|>+1.000\<cdot\>10<rsup|-5><rsub|>*z)<rsup|2>>>|<row|<cell|>|<cell|=>|\
      <cell|1.000\<cdot\>10<rsup|0><rsub|>+0.000\<cdot\>10<rsup|-5><rsub|>*z+\
      1.000\<cdot\>10<rsup|-10><rsub|>*z<rsup|2>,>>>>
    </expand>

    puisque <with|mode|math|1.000\<cdot\>10<rsup|0><rsub|>+1.000\<cdot\>10<rs\
    up|-5><rsub|>=1.000\<cdot\>10<rsup|0><rsub|>>.

    <with|color|blue|Solution :> transformation
    <with|mode|math|z\<rightarrow\>\<rho\>*z>.
  <|tuple>
    <with|font series|bold|font size|1.19|color|dark
    grey|<expand|block*|<tformat|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell background|broken
    white>|<twith|table width|1par>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    hyphen|t>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell bsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    tsep|1spc>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell lborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    rborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell bborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|-1|1|-1|cell
    tborder|0.5ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell hpart|1>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    rborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell lborder|0ln>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|2|2|cell
    valign|c>|<cwith|1|1|1|1|cell vcorrect|n>|<cwith|1|1|3|3|cell
    vcorrect|n>|<table|<row|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gn\
    u1.png|/5|/5||||>>|<cell|<with|font size|1|<with|color|black|Coefficients
    particuliers II>>>|<cell|<postscript|$TEXMACS_PATH/misc/images/tm_gnu2.pn\
    g|/5|/5||||>>>>>>>

    \;

    <subsubsection|Problême analogue pour séries bivariées><vspace|1fn>

    <surround||<vspace|1fn>|<with|paragraph
    mode|center|<postscript|relaxed5.ps|*2/3|*2/3||||>>>

    <with|color|blue|Solution :> multiplication tronquée plus fine ou
    modulaire.
  </tuple>>
</body>

<\initial>
  <\collection>
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    <associate|page bottom margin|5mm>
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  </collection>
</initial>

<\references>
  <\collection>
    <associate|toc-50|<tuple|2|?>>
    <associate|toc-40|<tuple|2|15>>
    <associate|toc-10|<tuple|2|5>>
    <associate|toc-20|<tuple|2|7>>
    <associate|toc-30|<tuple|2|10>>
    <associate|toc-41|<tuple|2|15>>
    <associate|toc-11|<tuple|2|5>>
    <associate|toc-21|<tuple|2|8>>
    <associate|toc-31|<tuple|2|10>>
    <associate|toc-42|<tuple|2|15>>
    <associate|toc-32|<tuple|2|10>>
    <associate|toc-12|<tuple|2|5>>
    <associate|toc-22|<tuple|2|8>>
    <associate|toc-43|<tuple|2|16>>
    <associate|toc-33|<tuple|2|11>>
    <associate|toc-13|<tuple|2|5>>
    <associate|toc-23|<tuple|2|8>>
    <associate|toc-44|<tuple|2|16>>
    <associate|toc-34|<tuple|2|12>>
    <associate|toc-14|<tuple|2|6>>
    <associate|toc-24|<tuple|2|8>>
    <associate|toc-45|<tuple|2|16>>
    <associate|toc-35|<tuple|2|13>>
    <associate|toc-15|<tuple|2|6>>
    <associate|toc-25|<tuple|2|8>>
    <associate|toc-46|<tuple|2|17>>
    <associate|toc-36|<tuple|2|14>>
    <associate|toc-16|<tuple|2|6>>
    <associate|toc-26|<tuple|2|8>>
    <associate|toc-47|<tuple|2|17>>
    <associate|toc-37|<tuple|2|14>>
    <associate|toc-17|<tuple|2|7>>
    <associate|toc-27|<tuple|2|9>>
    <associate|toc-48|<tuple|2|17>>
    <associate|toc-38|<tuple|2|14>>
    <associate|toc-18|<tuple|2|7>>
    <associate|toc-28|<tuple|2|9>>
    <associate|toc-49|<tuple|2|17>>
    <associate|toc-39|<tuple|2|15>>
    <associate|toc-19|<tuple|2|7>>
    <associate|toc-29|<tuple|2|9>>
    <associate|toc-1|<tuple|<uninit>|2>>
    <associate|toc-2|<tuple|<uninit>|3>>
    <associate|toc-3|<tuple|<uninit>|3>>
    <associate|eq-fonc|<tuple|1|15>>
    <associate|toc-4|<tuple|<uninit>|3>>
    <associate|toc-5|<tuple|<uninit>|3>>
    <associate|toc-6|<tuple|<uninit>|4>>
    <associate|toc-7|<tuple|<uninit>|4>>
    <associate|toc-8|<tuple|2|4>>
    <associate|toc-9|<tuple|2|4>>
  </collection>
</references>

